APOE and brain injury: This peptide is originally modified based on COG133 (133–149 of ApoE) to extend the therapeutic window of post-TBI (Laskowitz et al., 2007), which has demonstrated neuroprotective activity in several models of brain injuries, including intracerebral hemorrhage and focal brain ischemia (Laskowitz et al., 2007, 2012; Tukhovskaya et al., 2009).