TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: IL-10 is associated with an inflammatory response and insulin resistance in T2DM (30), but it is not clear whether higher IL-10 levels inhibit the occurrence of T2DM by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, or whether increased IL-10 levels in patients with T2DM lead to a compensatory response to increased pro-inflammatory mediators (mainly tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6) (31).