Therefore, we hypothesized that if HLA-A*24:02+ HAM patients, as well as ACs and ATL patients, share very high cytotoxic PDR+Tax301-309-CTLs, this may infiltrate the CNS and detrimentally contribute to HTLV-1-specific inflammatory responses, ultimately affecting the morbidity and severity of HAM. The gene discussed is HLA-A; the disease is tropical spastic paraparesis.