CD4 and tropical spastic paraparesis: Figure 1A shows a detection panel of each population of live- CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, and Tax301-309-CTLs in PBMCs by 10-color flowcytometry. The percentage of Tax301-309-CTLs in CD8+ T-cells and the absolute frequencies of Tax301-309-CTLs in PBMCs from HAM patients were significantly higher than those of ACs (Figure 1B-i and -ii, respectively), which results were consistent with previous reports (19, 25, 26).