MTOR and neoplasm: COS also inhibits tumor progression by modulating key pathways in malignant growth, such as the suppression of β-catenin, mTOR, pyruvate kinase, and ornithine decarboxylase; the activation of caspase 3 in tumor cells; and the stimulation of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-12 secreted by natural killer (NK) cells [148].