For example, researchers developed personalized vaccine nanodiscs of HDL for delivery of immunostimulants and antigens, and when the nanodiscs were used in combination with PD-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) to treat mice with advanced B16F10 melanoma tumors, the combined immunotherapy exerted a powerful antitumor effect, eradicating established tumors in approximately 60% of the animals (Figure 6) [204]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is melanoma.