Finally, in the study by Mokkala et al. [50], a linear positive relationship was observed between higher zonulin concentration serum detected in women with obesity and elevated concentration of inflammatory markers (hs-CRP and GlycA), fasting insulin, HOMA2-IR, fasting triglycerides, and total and LDL-cholesterol; moreover, a negative correlation with insulin sensitivity was observed. Here, HP is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.