TNF and Alzheimer disease: Improved learning and memory performance of animals with Alzheimer’s disease-like condition induced by scopolamine and amyloid β;Inhibited activity of acetylcholinesterase;Increased BDNF levels;Decreased oxidative stress by enhancing activities of GSH, SOD and CAT, and decreasing levels of MDA;Decreased TNF-α-triggered neuroinflammation;Reduced accumulation of amyloid-β in the CA1 hippocampal region and number of pyknotic nuclei in the hippocampal DG;Exhibited protective effect on the synaptophysin;Increased count of Ki67- and doublecortin in the DG;No change in PSD-95 levels