These include the colorants Red 40 and Yellow 6, which recently have been shown to induce colitis in mice-models with dysregulated expression of interleukin 23 [74], as well as other emulsifiers, such sunflower lecithin, guar gum and agar, which have been shown to have negative compositional and functional effects on the human microbiome ex vivo, and soy lecithin and mono/di-glycerides of fatty acids, which do not appear to impact the human gut microbiome [75]. Here, IL37 is linked to colitis.