Additionally, women with PCOS have abnormally elevated AMH-induced smad 1/5/8 signaling in granulosa cells and the exposure of human granulosa cells to AGEs in vitro has been shown to activate RAGE and lead to a significant increase in the AMH receptor mRNA and in the phospho-smad 1/5/8 [45]. Here, AMH is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.