The use of amino acid mixtures is fundamental to counteract dialysis-related AA loss, whilst also providing added benefits for organs and systems with a high metabolic turnover, including the cardiovascular system and muscle mass, and correction of anemia stemming from reduced erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis, particularly in advanced CKD and hemodialysis patients [14], with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality and improving quality of life. This evidence concerns the gene EPO and anemia (phenotype).