ALB and cancer: In partial accordance with previous reports [22,23,24,25,26], our data found that patients with cancer and advanced GPS status were older, showed more betel quid use, and had decreased Hb levels, nutritional index (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, and PNI), muscle mass, and histidine levels but higher levels of inflammatory markers (NLR and CRP), indicating a correlation between GPS, nutrition, and inflammation.