PCNA and neoplasm: In another piece of research on SUM159 cells, it was displayed that the Curcumin treatment reduced the tumor sphere formation and downregulated the BCSCS markers (CD44, ALDH1A1, Nanog and Oct4), cell-proliferation proteins (PCNA and Cyclin D1) and the anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl2), and upregulated the apoptotic proteins (Bax, Caspase8, Caspase9 and cleaved Caspase3) [90].