TNF and cocaine dependence: These pathways can be related to glial cell activation (neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cAMP signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and gap junction), neuroinflammation (estrogen signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and Alzheimer’s disease pathway) [59], and neuro-immune responses (prolactin signaling pathway and cocaine addiction pathway) [60,61].