SOD1 and Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: In 2017, Bezna et al. [24] measured the serum SOD levels of 40 young patients with cardiac arrhythmia and 40 healthy controls; the findings showed that the average value of SOD in the arrhythmia group was 61.92% lower than that in the controls and all types of arrhythmias decreased, the most obvious of which was 48.46% in paroxysmal AF.