The structural basis of LACTB underlies its enzymic properties and the upstream signaling exhibits transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulations on the expression and activity of LACTB, which hint at a great appeal of catalytic activity and function, polymerization dynamics, mutation, and polymorphism as well as epigenetics and PTMs in studying LACTB’s role in cancer pathogenesis rather than its simply total expression. This evidence concerns the gene LACTB and cancer.