In summary, we have shown that: 1/adiponectin is expressed by the hypothalamus and neuronal cells; 2/the neuronal expression of adiponectin is altered in a situation of insulin resistance; 3/the expression of adiponectin is induced by FGF21 and by a PPARγ agonist; and 4/adiponectin reduces resistin-induced inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene RETN and Insulin resistance.