VEGFA and peripheral arterial disease: To determine whether hypoxia serum starvation (HSS), an in vitro PAD model [8,15,28,29,30] also induces VEGF-A levels, we performed a Western blot analysis of VEGF-A in normal and HSS HUVECs using a pan-VEGF-A antibody that recognizes all the VEGF-A isoforms (pro- and anti-angiogenic) [8,15,31,32,33,34].