CXCL13 and primary central nervous system lymphoma: However, consensus has not been achieved because CXCL13 was found elevated in a broad spectrum of viral and bacterial infections, and immune-mediated and neoplastic CNS disorders [40,135], including varicella zoster virus facial palsy [136], neurosyphilis [137], MS [138,139], autoimmune encephalitis [140], and CNS lymphoma [141].