MTOR and Huntington disease: Simultaneously, the signaling pathways in which distinct classes of phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinases (PI3K) control macroautophagy of HT-29 cells in opposite directions were discovered by Petiot et al. [30]; Rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), was found to induce autophagy and attenuate polyglutamine protein accumulation in cell models of Huntington’s disease [31,32].