For example, CD8+CD45RA+CCR7− effector T cells expressing granzyme B and capable of ex vivo IFNγ production and direct killing of autologous tumor cells were found to make up a significant proportion of circulating tumor-specific cells in the blood of melanoma patients, whether patients had a progressive disease or no evidence of disease following surgical resection of their tumors [30]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and melanoma.