CASP9 and breast cancer: As indicated by the obtained results and Figure 9, the observed increase in caspase 9 activity in estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) and estrogen-independent (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells is consistent with the results found in the AV/PI and MMP change assays, giving reason to conclude that apoptosis induced by EDA-71 may follow an intrinsic pathway.