CD4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Indeed, CXCL13 has already been shown to be significantly upregulated in highly exhausted CD4 and CD8 T cells in melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian cancer, and NSCLC [41,59,60,61,62], and its receptor has been shown to be involved in immune cell aggregation and to be present on PD-1 blockade responsive exhausted CD8 T cells [63,64].