A previous Kaplan–Meier analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets indicated that breast cancer patients with high OCT4 expression, but not Nanog expression, had shortened brain-metastasis-free survival times, pointing to the clinical utility of reducing OCT4 expression through tGLI1 inhibition to treat patients with BCBM [13]. Here, NANOG is linked to breast carcinoma.