We further assessed the contributions of miRNAs for improving upon the predictive performance of a previously validated four-protein marker panel (4MP) consisting of cancer antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1), and the precursor form of surfactant protein B (Pro-SFTPB) for distinguishing lung cancer cases from controls compared to the 4MP alone [14,15]. This evidence concerns the gene MUC16 and lung cancer.