In another, which also included the GVAX anti-tumor vaccine, the anti-CSF-1R antibody given with anti-PD-1 therapy increased the number of intratumoral PD-1+ CD8+ and PD-1+ CD4+ T cells and increased their expression of IFNγ, a cytokine known to stimulate NK cells and neutrophils [190]. Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.