OSM inhibits E-cadherin and results in increased matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2) and transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) protein levels, thus enhancing HCC cell invasiveness [59], similar to a study in which overexpression of OSMR in squamous cell carcinoma triggered TGM2/integrin–α5β1 interaction, leading to an enhanced aggressiveness [88]. Here, MMP2 is linked to squamous cell carcinoma.