OSM was originally described as a cytokine able to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cell lines related to melanoma (A375 cells and SK-MEL-28), lung carcinoma (A549), neuroblastoma (HTB10), and embryonic lung (WI-26 and WI-38) [34,62], with a growth decrease frequently linked to stimulation of cellular differentiation. This evidence concerns the gene OSM and cancer.