EPCAM and lung carcinoma: To verify these findings in human primary lung cancer, GSE31013 data were analyzed and found EpCAM upregulation in murine primary lung tumors spontaneously derived from B6C3F1 mice (Figure 1D), which was further validated by the elevation of EpCAM mRNA levels in both spontaneous and carcinogen urethane-induced primary lung tumors from FVB/N mice (Figure 1E,F).