Other examples in HNSCC include P.gingivalis, which is known to have an antiapoptotic effect through its modulation of several pathways, including intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathways, acceleration of the cell cycle and reduction in p53 levels, epithelial cell upregulation, and promotion of cell growth, neovascularization, metastasis, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Here, TP53 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.