BRAF and melanoma: Genetically, melanoma has been classified based on driver mutations activating the MAPK signaling pathway as (I) BRAF-mutant (50–60%), (II) RAS-mutant (20–30%), (III) NF1-mutant (10–15%) or (IV) triple (BRAF, NRAS and NF1) wild-type melanoma (~10%) [1,2].