Upregulation of BMP2 gene expression and downregulation of the Gremlin-1 (GREM1) encoding gene (BMP2 antagonist) was confirmed by qRT-PCR in the TB-CM-treated MSCs undergoing osteogenesis, indicating that TB-CM might associate the osteoconductive BMP-mediated cellular pathways with the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs (Figure 5B). The gene discussed is GREM1; the disease is tuberculosis.