PIK3CD and pachyonychia congenita: Su CC measured the levels of EGFR, IGF1R, VEGFR, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and PTEN in MiaPaCa2 human PC cells and observed their increased expression [153]. Lin S. and co-workers obtained similar results regarding PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR using human PC cell lines (PANC-1).