TNF and Sepsis: For example, mangiferin significantly reduced NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by inhibiting activation of NF-κB in LPS-induced mouse microglia cells [18], and decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit in mononuclear macrophages, and protected mouse lung injury against sepsis [19].