In this light, Escherichia Coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been identified as a driver of liver inflammation both in experimental models and in human NAFLD [11]; its deleterious effects are largely mediated by the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways within the liver [10]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.