TNF and Alzheimer disease: Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (eotaxin, interleukin (IL)-1ra, IL-4, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-15, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, platelet-derived growth factor, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) have also been found to increase in the serum and brain tissues of patients with AD [43,44,45,46,47].