APP and Alzheimer disease: The interactions between Aβ and haemoglobin (Hb) which possibly induce plaque formation were also investigated in prior research [70], showing that Hb binds to Aβ and co-localises with the plaque and vascular amyloid deposits in post-mortem AD brains, as well as that the formation of an envelope-like structure composed of Aβ surrounding the Hb droplets can be observed after the microinjection of human Hb into the dorsal hippocampi of APP/PS1 transgenic mice.