IFNG and infection: Remarkably, when infecting PD-L1-positive U87MG cells with XVir-N-31-anti-PD-L1, compared to XVir-N-31 infection, the IFNγ concentrations increased further whereas this was not the case in the PD-L1-negative LN-229 cells (Figure 5), indicating an additional effect of anti-PD-L1 in IFNγ production by either the glioma cells or by co-cultured lymphocytes.