PIK3CA and melanoma: Villanueva et al. reported that BRAF-mutated melanoma cells that develop resistance to BRAFi display increased phosphorylation of IGF1-R at Tyr1131, which is indicative of kinase activation, and that simultaneous MEK and IGF-1R/PI3K inhibition leads to cytotoxicity in melanoma cells resistant to BRAFi [292].