The neoplastic transformation of melanocyte is most often initiated by constitutive activation of the RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling cascade as a consequence of mutations in either BRAF (50%), NRAS (30%), or neurofibromin 1 (NF1, 10%), which collectively represent the most frequent driver mutations found in melanomas (Cancer Genome atlas network [7]). The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.