Interestingly, my previous report revealed somewhat opposite data: the phosphorylation of PKR in primary-cultured airway epithelial cells was enhanced in a mouse model of steroid-resistant severe asthma treated with poly I:C compared with control mice that did not receive the poly I:C treatment [110], and this aggravated asthmatic manifestations, including the production of epithelial alarmins, IL-25, IL-33, TSLP, and Th2 cytokines (unpublished data). This evidence concerns the gene IL33 and asthma.