For example, in glioblastoma and melanoma, mibefradil and NNC 55-0396 seemed to activate IRE1 alpha (Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1), and the unfolded protein response (UPR) system, leading to the mobilization of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum, inducing apoptosis [107,112]. This evidence concerns the gene ERN1 and glioblastoma.