When the IFN-β-mediated signaling was blocked using an anti-IFNAR2 neutralizing antibody, RuV-induced expression of ISG mRNAs, such as viperin and MDA5, was downregulated (Figure 3), indicating that the IFN-β produced after RuV infection is indeed involved in the enhanced expression of at least some ISGs through the type I IFN receptor in U373MG cells. Here, IFNAR2 is linked to infection.