Consistent with the clinical and preclinical data that BPD perturbs postnatal growth, arginine-related metabolic pathways and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) were shown to be suppressed by prenatal LPS, and L-citrullin and exendin-4 as their respective agonists were able to mitigate lung injury and preserve postnatal weight gain [60,76]. This evidence concerns the gene GLP1R and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.