ACTA2 and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Based on functional and molecular analysis of MSCs obtained from the tracheal aspirates of ventilated preterm infants at birth, increased proliferation index, NFKBp65 accumulation, and reduced ACTA2 expression of MSCs were inversely associated with the severity of BPD, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.847 [126,133].