DDIT4 and glioblastoma: Elevated REDD1 expression in Gc-treated transformed murine lymphocytes, and thymocytes lead to mTOR suppression and induction of pro-survival autophagy, together with the inhibition of apoptosis [63], while knockout of REDD1 in human glioblastoma cells partially abrogated apoptosis induction after metformin treatment [64].