TFAP2B and depressive symptom measurement: Since certain antidepressant/anxiolytic drugs, e.g. citalopram (SSRI) and imipramine (TCA), have been reported to modulate the levels of AP-2β in the brainstem of the rat [24, 38, 84], probably due to its transcriptional regulation of the key targets in monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, future clinical  anxiolytic/antidepressant drug development should monitor the level of AP-2β for better management and/or prevention of depression and anxiety.