PGF and endothelial dysfunction: The mechanism of this link might be due to alcohol induces endothelial dysfunction and insufficient spiral artery remodeling resulting in severe intravascular coagulation, decreased placental perfusion, placental dysfunction, and an imbalance of endogenous angiogenic factors, such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF).