Recent advancements made in genomic analyses and onco-immunology revealed two classes of predictive biomarkers in NSCLC; first, the presence of druggable driver oncogenes such as EGFR mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements and second, TME-based biomarkers including immune checkpoint molecules (Villalobos and Wistuba, 2017; Kerr et al., 2021). The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.