SMAD2 and diabetic cardiomyopathy: 2021). It is promising for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and analgesic effects (Wang et al. 2011; Kim et al. 2014; Ren et al. 2020). Kirenol was recommended as an active compound that exerts antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory effects in Siegesbeckiae (Zhong et al. 2019). Kirenol could attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating inflammation and fibrosis, and kirenol could inhibit the translocation of NF-κB and Smad2/3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and then suppress diabetic-induced cardio-inflammation and cardio-fibrosis (Wu et al. 2019).