That said, we do acknowledge that inhibition and/or genetic deletion of several PDE families has shown efficacy in models of cognitive impairment (Devan et al., 2014; Orejana et al., 2012; Palmeri et al., 2013), suggesting a PDE itself does not have to change with age/disease in order for its targeting to elicit therapeutic effects. Here, ALDH7A1 is linked to Cognitive impairment.