TGFB1 and neoplasm: On the other hand, upon blockade of TGF-β or administration of type 1 IFN, neutrophils could polarize into anti-tumor N1 neutrophils, which activate CD8+ T cells, thus exerting anticancer cytotoxic activity, by reducing the expression of the proangiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF and MMP-9), and increasing the expression of T cell-attracting chemokines (e.g., CCL3, CXCL9, and CXCL10) (184, 189, 192).