In addition, given the increased roles of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 immunotherapies in early-stage and advanced-stage NSCLC, our data imply that DRD2 and nAChR might be potential molecular biomarkers along with PD-L1 to guide treatment decisions in NSCLC patients in the future. The gene discussed is CHRNA4; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.