The univariate correlation was observed with elevated tumour markers, such as beta-hCG, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), at the time of relapse on first-line therapy, i.e., only beta-hCG levels more than 1,000 at the time of relapse was found to be associated with worse survival (Table 2). Here, AFP is linked to neoplasm.